吹泡泡的恆星讓天文學家困惑

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天文學家使用甚長基線陣列(Very Long Baseline Array,一組遍佈美國各地的10個射電望遠鏡)發現了一顆年輕恆星似乎正在圍繞自身吹出一個氣體泡。今天發表在《自然》(Nature)雜誌上的新發現可能會迫使科學家修改現有的恆星形成理論。

在兩個月的時間裡,哈佛-史密森天體物理中心(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,位於馬薩諸塞州劍橋市)的何保榮(Paul Ho)和他的同事們觀察到一個球形氣泡在一個假定的恆星周圍膨脹。計算表明,這顆恆星僅在33年前才向太空噴射出這個氣泡。然而,這個氣泡正在以如此快的速度膨脹(大約每秒九公里),以至於它很快就會完全消失。

該團隊的觀測結果令人驚訝,因為恆星形成理論認為,雖然新生恆星在發展過程中應該釋放能量,但它們應該透過從兩極噴射物質射流來做到這一點,而不是透過吹出球形氣泡。然而,在改寫天文學書籍之前,研究人員將不得不證明產生這個神秘氣泡的物體實際上是一顆年輕的恆星。曼徹斯特大學的菲利普·戴蒙德(Philip Diamond)告訴《自然科學更新》(Nature Science Update),考慮到該物體佔據了一個恆星形成區域,這似乎很有可能。“但在我們看到中間是什麼之前,我們不會知道。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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