鳥類在遷入新社群前評估當地居民的成功率

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在為孩子尋找合適的成長場所時,人類父母通常會考慮社群安全或當地學校系統的質量等因素。其他動物也會評估它們的棲息地,但它們究竟如何識別理想的地點通常知之甚少。然而,新的研究正在填補一些未知空白。根據發表在最新一期《科學》雜誌上的研究結果,研究人員發現,一些鳥類會根據該地區其他居民後代的狀況來選擇築巢地點。

生物學家長期以來一直懷疑,某些動物透過監測鄰近同種動物的繁殖成功率來確定最佳繁殖地。為了驗證這個所謂的公共資訊假說,瑞士伯爾尼大學的布蘭丁·多利格茲和她的同事們在瑞典哥特蘭島繁殖地點的巢穴之間轉移了幼年領蠅,創造了一些雛鳥多的地點,以及另一些只有少量雛鳥的地點。隨後的對遷入和遷出率的觀察表明,潛在的居民會暗中觀察當地居民,並優先遷往雛鳥豐富的地點。就新擴大的雛鳥群的父母而言,他們發現要餵養的嘴太多了,他們的幼鳥變得瘦弱。因此,他們搬走了。

多利格茲和她的合作者總結道:“這些結果只能用領蠅對公共資訊的使用來解釋。” 這種繁殖棲息地選擇策略究竟有多麼普遍仍然是個問題。但作者指出,另一項近期對群棲海鳥的研究也產生了類似的結果。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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