隨著魚類遷徙,它們的食物可能不會隨之而來

為求生存而尋找更涼爽水域的海洋物種可能不得不透過改變飲食來適應新環境

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加利福尼亞州蒙特雷——由於全球變暖,地球大氣層正在升溫,世界海洋也將隨之變暖。從最小的浮游生物到最大的魚類,所有種類的生物都將被迫做出調整。它們中的一些可能能夠透過改變身體化學成分來適應,但最可能的反應——對於那些可以自由遷徙的生物(比如牡蠣除外)——就是簡單地移動。

事實上,最近的研究表明,某些魚類正在從中緯度海洋遷徙到更涼爽的水域,如北冰洋。科學家們發現,總的來說,較大的海洋生物,如魚類,對溫度變化的耐受性低於它們所消耗的微生物,如浮游植物。因此,隨著魚類遷徙,它們偏好的食物來源可能不會隨之而來。為了生存,遷徙者可能不得不在到達新家園後改變飲食。一些最新的發現正在本週於此地舉行的名為高二氧化碳世界中的海洋的研討會上首次釋出。

當然,已經生活在較冷海洋中的魚類可能並不歡迎可能與其爭奪食物的新來者。然而,本地物種也有自己的挑戰。德國阿爾弗雷德·韋格納極地和海洋研究所的漢斯-奧托·波特納表示,研究表明,原產於較冷水域的魚類比溫暖水域的魚類更不耐受溫度變化。他說:“魚類感到舒適的溫度範圍隨著緯度的升高而降低。” 那麼,隨著時間的推移,物種的組合可能會發生變化。例如,在寒冷的北部水域,沙丁魚數量正在下降,但鯷魚數量正在上升。


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其他因素也發揮作用:全球範圍內不斷增加的二氧化碳排放正在使所有海洋變得更酸性,迫使物種使用更多能量來適應,從而減少了它們用於繁殖和生長的能量。某些海洋區域的氧氣水平正在下降,為酸化和溫度升高增加了第三重壓力。科學家們正在開始揭示這些多重壓力源如何影響大片海洋中的物種,但還需要更多的資料和分析。與此同時,越來越多的物種可能正在遷徙。它們到達目的地後會吃什麼,以及它們可能不得不與哪些海洋居民競爭,仍有待觀察。

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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