南極臭氧空洞再次擴大

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隨著南半球冬季融化為春季,太陽的迴歸觸發了另一事件的開始:臭氧空洞的開啟。今年的空洞從八月中旬開始緩慢擴大,現在看起來將是一個很大的空洞。

預測臭氧空洞的路徑是一項棘手的工作。 諸如氯氟烴(CFCs)等汙染物的濃度是臭氧破壞的一個關鍵因素,但天氣條件也會影響空洞。 例如,去年創紀錄的空洞,其面積是美國的三倍,是在南極洲異常寒冷的冬季之後出現的。(如此低的 air 溫度促進了高層大氣中冰雲的形成,即所謂的極地平流層雲,這促進了將無害的氯化合物轉化為臭氧清除劑的化學反應。)然而,在增長到如此巨大的規模之後,2000年的臭氧空洞卻比往常提前一個月神秘地消失了。

美國宇航局戈達德太空飛行中心的大氣物理學家保羅·紐曼 (Paul Newman) 觀察到:“現在說關於 [2001 年] 空洞最終結果的任何確定性結論還為時過早。”“但我們可以說,這將是一個很大的臭氧空洞,就像過去幾年一樣。” 事實上,紐曼指出,“它肯定會超過 2500 萬平方公里。” 一旦美國宇航局的臭氧繪測 QuikTOMS 航天器(計劃於週五發射)啟動並執行,研究人員可能會更好地瞭解臭氧空洞的演變。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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