蟑螂愛情中的懦夫獲勝

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有時候,當個懦夫是有好處的——至少如果你是雄性蟑螂的話。根據發表在《英國皇家學會學報》上的一項關於坦尚尼亞蟑螂Nauphoeta cinerea的研究,雌性蟑螂任何時候都更喜歡低等級的雄性,而不是占主導地位的雄性。與弱者交配似乎比與更具攻擊性的雄性交配更能讓雌性蟑螂保持更好的狀態。然而,當雌性蟑螂確實與弱者交配時(高等級的雄性會盡力阻止這些交配),它們產生的雄性後代較少。曼徹斯特大學的艾倫·摩爾 (Allen Moore) 和他的同事們認為,這就是雌性選擇更安全的性行為的代價。

蟑螂並不是唯一雌性選擇從屬地位雄性的生物。之前的研究已經記錄了大約十幾種物種的這種偏好,包括某些鳥類和蠑螈。然而,雌性蟑螂因此選擇而導致雄性後代數量減少的確切原因仍然是一個謎。矛盾的是,產生較少的雄性後代實際上可能最大限度地提高繁殖適應性:在下一代雄性數量較少的情況下,這些對弱者有眼的雌性蟑螂的雄性後代可能更容易成功找到配偶。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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