科學家紡制蜘蛛絲

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圖片來源:¿SEAN O'NEILL

很少有東西像蜘蛛網那樣顯得纖細,每根纖細的絲線只有人類頭髮絲的十分之一寬。然而,以磅為單位衡量,最堅固的蜘蛛絲比鋼鐵更堅韌,比尼龍更具延展性。憑藉如此卓越的特性,難怪研究人員多次嘗試合成蜘蛛絲用於工業和醫療應用。(由於蜘蛛的領地性,人工飼養蜘蛛的努力已經失敗。)的確,用一位科學家的話來說,這個目標長期以來一直被視為“材料科學的聖盃”。

為了實現這一目標,今天發表在《科學》雜誌上的研究結果代表著朝著使夢想成為鐵的事實邁出了重要一步。根據該報告,由加拿大公司 Nexia Biotechnologies 的研究人員領導的團隊,透過為哺乳動物細胞配備蜘蛛絲基因,誘導它們產生可紡蛋白質。在收穫蛋白質後,科學家們將它們從水基溶液中紡成細絲。合成絲線具有蜘蛛製造的牽引絲的強度和韌性——儘管不如其韌性——牽引絲是蜘蛛在其網框架和安全線中使用的絲。


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展望未來,Nexia 希望使用經過基因工程改造的山羊在其牛奶中生產蜘蛛絲蛋白,從而大量生產名為 BioSteelR 的重組蜘蛛絲。如果成功,未來收穫的絲綢的應用可能包括醫用縫合線、高強度複合材料和軟質防彈衣。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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