發光脂質揭示膽固醇代謝

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根據今天發表在《科學》雜誌上的一份報告,研究發光斑馬魚的科學家們發現了一個在調節膽固醇代謝中起作用的基因。新的發現可能有助於在未來開發出更好的控制膽固醇的藥物。

雖然斑馬魚與人類的親緣關係比小鼠等其他動物更遠,但它們幾乎擁有我們所有的基因。而且,由於魚在幼年時是透明的,因此它們在一些生物學研究中非常有用。考慮到這一點,費城托馬斯·傑斐遜大學的史蒂文·法伯和他的同事們設計了特殊的脂肪分子,稱為“光學報告器”,當被腸道酶分解時會發光。他們推斷,這些分子將使他們能夠從生物化學的角度觀察斑馬魚的消化過程。接下來,研究人員透過將雄性斑馬魚暴露於一種化學物質並繁殖表現出各種突變的家族,在魚中產生了隨機的基因突變。然後,他們將光學報告器餵給突變斑馬魚胚胎,觀察由此產生的熒光模式,並篩選脂質加工的變化。

一種被稱為fat free的特殊突變的攜帶者,其膽固醇和磷脂的加工顯著減少。(其他實驗說明了膽固醇阻斷藥物立普妥的作用,該藥物阻止了魚代謝光學報告器,從而阻止了它們發光。)研究人員指出,從長遠來看,光學報告器應能識別出參與脂質代謝疾病(如動脈粥樣硬化)以及其他疾病的基因。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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