早期現代人類以淡水魚和禽類為食

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狩獵大型陸地哺乳動物對於冰河時代的人類來說似乎是一種很好的生存策略,但獲取小型水生生物可能更具適應性。今天發表在《美國國家科學院院刊》上的研究結果表明,大約在28,000年前,解剖學意義上的現代人類已經開始利用淡水魚和禽類——這種飲食轉變可能使他們在與尼安德特人的競爭中佔據優勢。

為了重建早期現代人的飲食,華盛頓大學的古人類學家埃裡克·特林豪斯和他的同事對在歐洲和西亞發現的九具骨骼的骨膠原樣本進行了化學分析。然後,他們將這些結果與之前發表的五份歐洲尼安德特人標本的研究結果進行了比較。有趣的是,雖然尼安德特人樣本表明他們的飲食主要以大型陸地食草動物為主,但早期現代人樣本表明他們的飲食中包含了內陸淡水魚、軟體動物和鳥類。資料還表明,現代人也一直在持續利用小型陸地動物。

作者指出,現代人飲食範圍的擴大可能使他們更能抵抗自然壓力,例如季節性和年度資源波動。因此,這很可能有助於早期現代人類群體擴張並佔領歐亞大陸。

The article "Who Were the Neandertals?" by Kate Wong (大眾科學, April 2000) is available for purchase at the 大眾科學 Archive

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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