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儘管擁有成堆的金錢或與時髦人士為伍可能很不錯,但新的研究證實,這些都無法提供普遍渴望的幸福感。相反,諸如自尊和與他人親近感之類的事情似乎會帶來最終的滿足感,根據二月份的《人格與社會心理學雜誌》上的一份報告。

為了確定人們認為10種基本心理感受中哪種最重要,密蘇里大學哥倫比亞分校的心理學家 Kennon M. Sheldon 和他的同事對不同組別的美國大學生進行了三項研究。第一項研究的參與者被要求描述他們在過去一個月中經歷的最令人個人滿意的事件。第二組的參與者考慮了同一事件,但時間範圍是過去一週。第三組學生反思了本學期最令人滿意的事件,以及該時期最令人不滿意的事件。來自這三組的結果證明相當一致,自主性、能力、關聯性和自尊感位居心理需求列表的首位。

對最令人不滿意事件的描述表明,缺乏這四種需求非常突出,安全感的缺乏也很突出。“作者指出,“當事情出錯時,人們似乎會強烈渴望他們經常認為理所當然的安全感和可預測性。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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