咖啡降低膀胱癌風險

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研究人員長期以來一直認為吸菸是膀胱癌的風險因素,這種疾病每年影響大約 55,000 名美國人。但是,發表在 2001 年 1 月份的《流行病學與社群健康雜誌》上的一項新研究結果表明,風險可能遠高於之前的設想。然而,同一項研究表明,咖啡可能對膀胱癌具有保護作用,尤其是在吸菸者中。透過分析來自 500 例確診膀胱癌病例以及 1,000 名對照受試者的資料,研究人員發現,不喝咖啡的吸菸者患膀胱癌的風險是不吸菸者的七倍。另一方面,喝咖啡的吸菸者患膀胱癌的風險僅為三倍。因此,咖啡似乎在某種程度上稀釋了菸草使用對膀胱的有害影響。之前的研究表明,咖啡因可能透過誘導一種名為 CYP1A2 的酶的活性來阻止突變的形成。但只有進一步的研究才能揭示咖啡消費究竟如何預防這種疾病。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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