藍色噴流或可連線雷暴與電離層

加入我們的科學愛好者社群!

圖片來源:VICTOR PASKO/賓夕法尼亞州立大學

大多數人所知的閃電是雲層與地面之間跳躍的鋸齒狀電光。但閃電也會在雷暴上方閃爍,在那裡,幽靈般的閃光有著諸如精靈和鬼火等奇特的名稱。現在,今天發表在《自然》雜誌上的新證據表明,這些特別短暫的雷暴上方現象之一——藍色噴流——持續時間可達數百毫秒的藍寶石色光錐——可能將雲頂與被稱為電離層的帶電空氣層連線起來。

賓夕法尼亞州立大學研究員維克多·帕斯科和他的同事於去年九月在位於波多黎各叢林深處的阿雷西博天文臺的雷射雷達實驗室的屋頂上,用錄影帶捕捉到了這種難以捉摸的現象。早期的測量表明,藍色噴流只能達到大約40公里或更高的高度,但帕斯科團隊記錄到的藍色噴流上升到大約70公里——電離層的下邊緣。這種量級的閃光可以解釋地面電荷與帶相反電荷的電離層之間30萬伏特的電壓差。“到目前為止,”作者指出,“還沒有關於鬼火或藍色噴流的實驗資料被報道,這些資料能確鑿地表明它們在雷雨雲和下電離層之間建立了直接的電氣接觸路徑。”


關於支援科學新聞

如果您喜歡這篇文章,請考慮透過以下方式支援我們屢獲殊榮的新聞事業: 訂閱。透過購買訂閱,您將幫助確保有關塑造我們當今世界的發現和想法的具有影響力的故事的未來。


考慮到這個大型藍色噴流是由一種相對較小的雷暴產生的,而這種雷暴在世界各地頻繁發生,該團隊寫道,“這種雲到電離層的放電在熱帶地區可能非常普遍,並且可能構成全球電路的重要組成部分,但尚未被考慮在內。”

Ask the Experts: What is ball lightning?

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

More by Kate Wong
© .