哮喘與雙胞胎效應

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作為雙胞胎可能包括一些益處,這些益處超越了從出生就有一個玩伴。根據《英國醫學雜誌》的一份報告,雙胞胎比單胞胎更不易患哮喘。研究人員識別了1981年至1984年間出生在蘇格蘭的所有雙胞胎,並追蹤了他們直至1994年因呼吸道疾病相關的住院情況。他們發現,儘管雙胞胎更可能因急性支氣管炎和毛細支氣管炎住院,但他們因哮喘住院的可能性還不到一半。

這種所謂的雙胞胎效應的原因仍然有些神秘。之前的研究將低出生體重與哮喘風險增加聯絡起來,然而雙胞胎出生時的體重往往比單胞胎輕。作者認為,一個更合理的解釋是,與雙胞胎身份相關的哮喘風險降低代表了大家庭可以賦予的針對過敏性疾病的保護作用的一個特例。該模型認為,有許多兄弟姐妹的孩子更常避免此類疾病,僅僅是因為他們在童年時期接觸到更多的感染。作者總結說,這些發現可能為了解哮喘的早期發育影響提供見解,因此值得進一步研究。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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