麋鹿智慧的展現

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由於沒有灰熊或狼來保持警惕,黃石國家公園南部周圍的麋鹿已經放鬆了警惕。根據今天發表在《科學》雜誌上的研究結果,麋鹿未能認出它們的捕食者,這些捕食者在中斷了 50 年後最近才返回該地區。因此,首次遭遇導致了最初高水平的捕食。

內華達大學的喬爾·伯傑和他的同事研究了黃石公園和斯堪的納維亞的麋鹿種群,在斯堪的納維亞,灰熊和狼最近才重新定居。他們將它們與阿拉斯加麋鹿進行了比較,阿拉斯加麋鹿的捕食者一直存在。當他們將麋鹿暴露於各種聽覺和嗅覺捕食者線索時,他們得到了兩種非常不同的反應。在沒有捕食者的地區的麋鹿識別這些線索的可能性比阿拉斯加的麋鹿低六倍,阿拉斯加的麋鹿通常會停止進食或採取防禦姿勢。

然而,天真的麋鹿學得很快。伯傑觀察到,“懷俄明州的麋鹿,即使失去了一個後代給捕食者,也可能在一代之內變得像它們的阿拉斯加表親一樣精明,這表明,避免捕食者的機制已經到位,對迫在眉睫的滅絕的擔憂可能是不必要的。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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