當前的大滅絕

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“大滅絕”這個片語通常讓人聯想到由劇烈的環境變化引發的事件,例如導致恐龍和許多其他物種在 6500 萬年前滅絕的小行星撞擊。事實上,化石記錄中已經確定了五次這樣大規模的滅絕事件,並且根據上週五在墨西哥城舉行的脊椎動物古生物學會年會上提出的研究結果,另一次滅絕正在進行中。這一次的原因並非像巨型小行星或氣候的劇烈變化那樣引人注目。相反,似乎是人類的壓力是罪魁禍首。

密歇根大學古生物學家凱瑟琳·巴傑利 (Catherine Badgely) 說,與其它大滅絕一樣,當前的危機是全球性的,影響範圍廣泛的物種。她報告說,某些脊椎動物(有脊椎的動物)物種尤其脆弱,特別是那些地理範圍狹小或生存需求狹窄的物種。 數字令人震驚。 四分之一的哺乳動物瀕臨滅絕或已經滅絕,鳥類也是如此,比例為 15%。 在這兩個群體中,體型較大的物種處境最為艱難。

威脅這些生物的人類壓力包括棲息地破壞和改造、過度捕獵、外來物種的引入以及二氧化碳濃度的增加。儘管如此,巴傑利說,目前被指定為瀕危動物的滅絕並非不可避免。 但是,為了保護它們,人類的行為需要發生巨大的改變。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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