窺探風暴

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圖片來源:NASA。

通常伴隨熱帶風暴的雲層,常常遮蔽了預報員眼中潛在的危險發展,現在變得清晰多了。藉助美國宇航局(NASA)的兩顆軌道衛星,科學家們現在可以看穿雲層,深入風暴內部,尋找颶風形成的明顯跡象。

與大多數只能觀測風暴表面的氣象衛星不同,這些風暴“間諜”配備了能夠穿透雲層的微波感測器。其中一顆名為QuickSCAT的衛星,每天對90%的無冰海洋進行調查,使用所謂的雷達散射儀來測量表面風速和風向。例如,在右側的QuickSCAT影像中,紫色和藍色區域表示風速較慢,粉色和黃色區域表示風速較高。熱帶降雨測量任務(TRMM)衛星收集降雨和海面溫度資料。


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根據美國宇航局(NASA)和美國國家海洋和大氣管理局(NOAA)科學家進行的一項新研究,1999年的QuickSCAT資料可用於提前一到三天識別潛在的颶風,早於國家颶風中心釋出的預警。今年早些時候發表的一項研究表明,QuickSCAT和TRMM資料的結合可以幫助預測颶風的具體情況。“當颶風伴隨著強風和暴雨時,尤其具有破壞性,”美國宇航局噴氣推進實驗室的劉文 Timothy 觀察到。“QuickSCAT和TRMM為我們提供了唯一的機會來觀察風雨在登陸前的相互作用,並幫助我們理解和預測颶風。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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