性與物種形成

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在人類中,性別之戰似乎主要表現在不重要的方式上——比如夫妻爭吵或名人體育挑戰賽。但根據6月12日《美國國家科學院院刊》上的一份報告,性別衝突實際上可能在自然界中發揮重要作用:這種衝突似乎會刺激新物種的進化。

透過研究具有不同交配系統的相關昆蟲譜系,研究人員能夠評估這些系統如何影響每個譜系內的物種形成速率。之前的研究已經證明了配偶選擇在驅動物種形成中的重要性,但這項新研究考察了交配發生後出現的生殖衝突。他們說,這種交配後的性別之戰源於雄性競爭以使卵子受精。雄性和雌性生殖適應之間的複雜相互作用產生了雄性和雌性生殖生理學和形態學的快速共同進化,最終導致來自不同地區的種群無法相互雜交——也就是說,它們形成了新物種。正如預測的那樣,那些雌性通常與多個雄性交配的群體(一種稱為多雄制的系統)表現出比雌性通常與單個雄性交配的群體(一雌一雄制)高得多的物種形成速率——高達四倍。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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