殺手蝦

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如果你被要求想象一個無情的殺手,蝦可能不會首先出現在你的腦海中。但這正是生態學家描述Dikerogammarus villosus的方式,這是一種來自前蘇聯的物種,已經入侵了荷蘭和西歐的其他地區。更重要的是,D. villosus正在移動,搭乘船舶的壓艙水,研究人員預計它將很快佔領北美五大湖區和不列顛群島。如果在英國生態學會冬季會議星期五描述的研究結果有任何指示意義,那麼這次入侵將對當地的水生物種產生災難性的影響。

貝爾法斯特女王大學的傑米·迪克進行了一系列微觀環境實驗,以證明D. villosus對其入侵區域的潛在影響。他設定了三個大型水箱,一個沒有蝦,另一個包含本地蝦Gammarus duebeni,第三個包含D. villosus。觀察結果顯示,D. villosus對其水箱中的其他物種造成的損害遠大於G. duebeni,殺死了大量藍尾豆娘、劃蝽、魚蛭和水蝨,並使其殘缺不全。D. villosus之所以成為如此致命的捕食者,可能是因為它的口器,比G. duebeni的口器大得多且更有力。然而,比它的口器更令人擔憂的可能是這種生物耐受其水生環境中的溫度、鹽度和甚至氧氣水平變化的能力。憑藉如此的適應性,無論D. villosus被引入到哪裡,它都可能開始殺戮。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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