艾歐衛星凌日

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圖片來源:JPL/NASA

在有史以來首次拍攝的木星衛星艾歐凌日的影片中,火山噴發和極光放射在巨行星(右側)的陰影中發光。美國國家航空航天局的卡西尼號宇宙飛船在新年的第一天捕捉到了構成該序列的影像。

來自艾歐衛星著名火山的熔岩流在新影片中呈現為明亮的光點。其中最耀眼的佩萊火山,儘管強度很大,但似乎仍在穩定噴發。相比之下,皮蘭火山(以佩萊火山上方和右側的兩個點表示)自1997年壯觀的噴發以來,在過去的30個月中已經消退。在皮蘭熱點下方,存在著一個特徵截然不同的火山,它在幾天的時間尺度上逐漸增強和減弱。


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類似於地球的北極光和南極光的大氣極光解釋了環繞艾歐衛星的短暫光芒。更明亮的光芒出現在衛星赤道附近,隨著凌日的進行而順時針移動——這是木星磁場方向變化的結果。事實上,新的觀測結果提供了證據,表明這些極光是由於在艾歐衛星和木星之間沿磁場線流動的電流造成的。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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