冰河時代南美洲是溼潤的,而非乾燥的

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從南美洲最大的淡水湖的的喀喀湖採集的沉積物巖芯樣本揭示了長達 25,000 年的降水記錄,這可能會改寫關於古代氣候的書籍。根據週五在《科學》雜誌上報道的結果,長期以來被認為在上一個冰河時代乾旱的南美洲熱帶地區實際上可能是溼潤的。

杜克大學地質學家保羅·貝克和他的同事在的的喀喀湖的玻利維亞部分(它橫跨玻利維亞和秘魯)工作,從湖底提取了長達 46 英尺的巖芯。隨後對巖芯的氧同位素比率、磁值、碳酸鈣濃度和化石矽藻(微小的、矽質外殼藻類)的分析表明,該湖泊的環境在上一個冰河時代和北大西洋地區的後期寒冷時期都是溼潤的。另一方面,在北大西洋的溫暖時期,的的喀喀湖地區經歷了乾旱。來自其他古氣候研究的資料表明,地球軸傾角的週期性變化和海水溫度驅動了南美洲熱帶地區的這些溼潤條件。

研究人員承認,將的的喀喀湖地區的水分水平與東部叢林的氣候條件等同起來是“冒險之舉”,但貝克指出,大多數證據都支援這種聯絡。然而,他警告說,過去的氣候條件不應用於預測未來。“人類的影響現在是如此 dominant,”貝克斷言,“熱帶地區將要發生的事情與海面溫度和地球軌道引數的關係要小得多,而與森林砍伐、大氣二氧化碳增加和全球變暖的關係要大得多。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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