窺探木星磁層

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圖片來源:JPL/NASA

隨著NASA的卡西尼號宇宙飛船在為期六個月的木星飛掠中,科學家們正在仔細觀察這顆巨大行星的磁層(右圖)。飛船上的磁層成像儀(MIMI)正在提供前所未見的、關於這個無形行星特徵的影像。

一旦將MIMI拍攝的充滿粒子的磁層影像製作成電影,研究人員就應該能夠看到它在受到太陽風衝擊時的壓縮和膨脹。此外,結合其他MIMI測量資料,這些影像揭示了行星磁層的形狀、動態甚至化學成分。“它們揭示了我們探測到的粒子——主要是氫,但也包括氧、硫和二氧化硫——是從木星衛星木衛一伊娥上的火山噴射出來的,並被甩入木星磁層,在那裡它們被捕獲、充能並加速到高速,”約翰·霍普金斯大學的斯塔馬蒂奧斯·克里米吉斯說。“然後,當與其他粒子的碰撞為它們提供一個電子時,它們就變成中性的,並且能夠逃逸出磁層。那時我們就可以用我們的相機探測到它們了。”


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一種類似於MIMI的儀器也在環繞地球執行,並且最近拍攝了第一張我們星球的全球照片。“透過提高我們視覺化行星磁層的能力——無論是在地球還是在太陽系的其他行星——我們都能更好地監測其空間天氣,”克里米吉斯指出。“這將有益於科學,就地球而言,可能會促成空間天氣預報,從而提前預警電磁風暴,而電磁風暴過去曾中斷通訊並癱瘓電網。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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