外星分子解釋大規模物種滅絕

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圖片來源:LUANN BECKER 華盛頓大學

大約2.5億年前,我們的星球遭受了一次事件的衝擊,引發了歷史上最嚴重的大規模物種滅絕。實際上,90%的海洋動物和70%的陸地脊椎動物滅絕,導致一些科學家將這一事件稱為“大滅絕”。今天發表在《科學》雜誌上的新研究提供了迄今為止最強有力的證據,表明這次滅絕事件的幕後原因是小行星或彗星撞擊地球。

儘管肇事的太空岩石估計直徑為6到12公里,但其撞擊的證據來自數量級更小的實體:被稱為富勒烯或巴克球()的複雜碳分子。華盛頓大學的陸安·貝克爾 (Luann Becker) 和她的同事從二疊紀和三疊紀邊界處採集的岩石中提取了富勒烯。對捕獲在籠狀富勒烯中的不同氣體同位素的測量顯示,氦和氬分子的比例異常,表明這些分子是外星的。“這些東西是在碳星中形成的,”貝克爾解釋道。“這就是發現富勒烯作為示蹤劑令人興奮的地方。”


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似乎這次巨大的撞擊還不夠 dramatic,廣泛的火山活動似乎在同一時間爆發。“這真可謂是雙管獵槍的猛烈一擊,”羅切斯特大學的團隊成員羅伯特·波瑞達 (Robert Poreda) 說。“我們不確定所有環境後果,但考慮到撞擊和火山活動,我們確實知道當時的地球不是一個宜居之地。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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