地球應對全球變暖的答案

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在預測氣候變化時,預測通常是嚴峻的。但是,發表在美國氣象學會公報三月刊上的一份報告帶來了一線希望。根據新的發現,地球可能能夠透過太平洋上空雲層覆蓋中的“通風口”釋放部分熱量,從而顯著減少全球變暖。

透過分析在20個月期間收集的資料,來自NASA戈達德太空飛行中心(位於馬里蘭州格林belt)和麻省理工學院的科學家發現,太平洋上空捲雲的數量隨著海面溫度升高而減少。麻省理工學院的團隊成員理查德·S·林森解釋說:“隨著雲層下方的海面溫度升高,產生降水的合併過程變得更加高效。” “更多的雲滴形成雨滴,而留在雲中形成冰晶的雲滴更少。結果,捲雲的面積減少了。” 這些薄薄的冰雲幾乎不能阻擋太陽輻射,但它們有效地捕獲熱量。從長遠來看,雲層覆蓋的減少可能使熱量逸出,從而冷卻地球。

到目前為止,該團隊僅研究了來自太平洋地區的資料,但如果其他熱帶海洋也具有相同的效果,地球可能能夠很好地應對全球變暖。實際上,該團隊估計,這種冷卻效果可以將大氣二氧化碳加倍引發的全球溫度預測升幅減少三分之二。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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