解剖恐龍的咬合力

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藉助精密的工程工具,研究人員揭開了恐龍咬合力的秘密。這項新研究今天發表在《自然》雜誌上,揭示了關於侏羅紀掠食者異特龍的進食行為,而我們對異特龍的瞭解相對較少。

劍橋大學的古生物學家艾米麗·雷菲爾德和她的同事們採用了一種常用於測試橋樑強度的技術——有限元分析(FEA)——來建立異特龍頭骨的數字模型。然後,他們使用計算機模擬來探索骨骼在進食過程中對傳遞的應力會做出何種反應。儘管這種食肉雙足動物長著滿嘴劍齒,但研究小組發現,這種野獸的咬合力實際上相對較弱——遠弱於其強大的表親霸王龍。分析表明,儘管恐龍的頭骨能夠承受相當大的衝擊力,但它的牙齒卻無法承受過載。

雷菲爾德和她的同事們認為,看似矛盾的強壯頭骨和弱咬合力的結合是對某種進食策略的適應,類似於科莫多巨蜥的進食策略。霸王龍用其強大的、碾壓性的下顎造成致命的咬傷,而異特龍可能正面撲向獵物,以類似於人揮舞斧頭的方式進行高衝擊力的咬傷,然後在縮回時切下肉。


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“異特龍可能‘交易’了沉重的頭骨和咬合力,以換取上顎衝擊的更高速度和靈活性,從而捕獲更輕、更敏捷的動物,例如鳥腳類恐龍,”研究團隊寫道。“異特龍可能透過在防禦者能夠反擊之前,突然施加毀滅性的高衝擊力攻擊咬傷來伏擊更大、更危險的獵物(例如,劍龍和蜥腳類恐龍)。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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