防治玉米螟

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圖片:內布拉斯加大學林肯分校昆蟲學系

每年夏天,一種被稱為歐洲玉米螟()的小昆蟲的幼蟲都會嚴重危害美國玉米作物,每年給農民造成近十億美元的經濟損失。但是,研究人員可能已經找到了一種在不使用成本高昂的殺蟲劑的情況下防治這些貪婪害蟲的方法。一項新研究的結果表明,該研究將提交給《生物防治雜誌》,結果表明,在生長季早期僅釋放一次大批黃蜂就可以將玉米損害減少一半。

農民通常在整個生長季釋放大量的螟黃赤眼蜂。這種黃蜂透過在玉米螟卵內產下自己的卵來寄生玉米螟卵,從而殺死玉米螟胚胎。最終,兩隻黃蜂從玉米螟卵中孵化出來,然後迴圈重複。但是,康奈爾大學昆蟲學家邁克爾·霍夫曼和他的同事在田間試驗中證明,如果在生長季早期(玉米齊膝高時)進行,那麼每英畝投放約 30,000 只黃蜂就可以抑制玉米螟。他們報告說,投放黃蜂的總成本低於單次殺蟲劑處理的成本。


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在理想情況下,黃蜂將成為玉米田的永久居民,從而有可能不再需要每年投放黃蜂。但是,在進行試驗的紐約州北部,黃蜂無法在嚴酷的冬季中存活下來。不過,霍夫曼評論說:“也許在更南的地方,它們會越冬並定居下來。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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