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科學家們可能擁有了一種強大的新工具,用於清除土壤中致命的砷——這種工具並非來自實驗室,而是來自廣闊的戶外。根據今天發表在《自然》雜誌上的一份報告,蜈蚣草(學名:Pteris vittata)能夠以驚人的效率從受汙染的土壤中吸收砷。因此,它可能在清理受工業、採礦和農業活動汙染的場地方面非常有用。

佛羅里達大學的微量金屬化學專家 Lena Ma 和她的同事在中佛羅里達州一個受砷汙染的地點發現了蜈蚣草。在對該地點的 14 個物種進行分析後,只有蜈蚣草表現出大量致癌重金屬。事實上,蕨葉中的砷濃度比周圍土壤中的砷濃度高出 200 倍。

儘管砷常用於殺死草坪和高爾夫球場上的雜草和其他不需要的植物,但蜈蚣草在毒素存在的情況下實際上可能表現更好:Ma 的團隊發現,與在 6 ppm 土壤砷中生長的對照植物相比,將土壤砷含量提高 100 百萬分之幾 (ppm) 可使生物量增加 40%。蜈蚣草究竟為何吸收砷尚不清楚,但 Ma 和她的同事希望透過未來的研究來弄清原因。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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