自閉症患者大腦未在研究人員預期部位受損

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科學家長期以來一直懷疑,許多自閉症兒童對旋轉物體和自身旋轉的迷戀與小腦損傷有關,小腦是大腦中控制運動和平衡的部分。事實上,許多關於自閉症的研究(在美國,每500名兒童中約有1名患有自閉症)都集中在這個大腦區域。但是,最近發表在《自閉症與發育障礙雜誌》上的一項研究結果表明,實際上,自閉症兒童的小腦是正常的。約翰·霍普金斯兒童中心的精神病學家梅麗莎·戈德堡和她的同事研究了13名年齡在7歲至17歲之間的高功能自閉症兒童。具體來說,他們檢查了受試者在椅子上旋轉後以及椅子停止時向前傾斜頭部後的眼球運動。通常,一旦頭部向前傾斜,反射性眼球運動就會減弱——自閉症兒童也表現出這種模式。戈德堡解釋說:“這告訴我們,小腦中控制我們恢復平衡能力的部分在自閉症兒童中運作正常。” “瞭解這些兒童大腦的哪些部分似乎沒有受損,我們可以繼續調查問題的其他來源。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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