一種新的艾滋病疫苗候選

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根據今天發表在《科學》雜誌上的一份報告,研究人員開發出一種疫苗,可以預防感染了類似 HIV 病毒的猴子患上艾滋病。這種相對簡單的疫苗顯然提供了迄今為止所有艾滋病疫苗中最強的保護,使其成為最有希望的人體臨床試驗候選疫苗之一。

埃默裡大學的 Harriet L. Robinson 及其同事給 24 只猴子施用了由三部分組成的方案,該方案包括兩種基於 DNA 的初始疫苗,然後是改良的痘病毒加強劑。七個月後,這些接種疫苗的猴子和對照組暴露於一種高毒性的猴和人免疫缺陷病毒 (SHIV) 雜交體。所有動物都感染了 SHIV。然而,兩週後,對照組猴子血液中的病毒比接種疫苗的猴子多 10 倍。在 28 周時,對照組動物出現與艾滋病相關的機會性感染,並被實施了安樂死。相比之下,接種疫苗的猴子控制住了病毒,並繼續保持健康。

Robinson 指出,即使是接受低劑量疫苗的猴子也成功控制了病毒。她將疫苗的成功歸因於其啟動三種主要 HIV 蛋白表達的能力。反過來,所有這三種蛋白質都會誘導特定的免疫反應,從而更好地幫助身體識別和攻擊病毒。該疫苗對人類是否有效還有待觀察。人體臨床試驗計劃於明年進行。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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